Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Combined Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and CC Chemokine Ligand 2 on Angiogenic Events in Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121249

Figure Lengend Snippet: tEnd.1 cells were treated with IGF-1 (A) or CCL2 (B) at concentrations of 5, 10, 50, or 100 ng/mL, and cell viability was determined by cell counting using a hemocytometer or MTT assay, respectively. (C) Flow cytometry results are presented as histograms of the average percentage of cells that expressed IGF-1R and CCR2 receptors (gray) and immunoglobulin control. Values and bars are represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 4/group). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-test. Significant values compared to the control group: p < 0.05 (*) or p < 0.0001(***); significant value compared to control group and the other treatments: p < 0.0001 (#).

Article Snippet: Cells were then treated with recombinant mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 (CCL2) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) at concentrations of 5, 10, 50, and 100 ng/mL for 24 h. After treatment, cells were incubated with 5 mg/mL of tetrazolium salt (MTT) (Sigma-Aldrich) diluted in RPMI 1640 with 2% FBS.

Techniques: Cell Counting, MTT Assay, Flow Cytometry, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Combined Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and CC Chemokine Ligand 2 on Angiogenic Events in Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121249

Figure Lengend Snippet: tEnd.1 cells were treated with IGF-1 (100 ng/mL), CCL2 (10 ng/mL), or a combination of both for 24 h and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. ( A ) Photomicrographs show the expression of FN ascertained by immunofluorescence and fluorescence microscopy analysis. Magnification: 400× ( B ) Bars correspond to the quantitative analysis of FN expression in tEnd.1 cells in selected microscopic fields (n = 5/group). The results are expressed in pixels/μm 2 . ( C ) Flow cytometry results are presented as histograms of the average percentage of cells that expressed CD49e/VLA-5 and CD44 receptors for FN (gray) and immunoglobulin control. Values and bars are represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5/group). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-test. Significant values compared to control group: p < 0.0001 (***); significant values compared to control group and single treatments: p < 0.0001 (#).

Article Snippet: Cells were then treated with recombinant mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 (CCL2) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) at concentrations of 5, 10, 50, and 100 ng/mL for 24 h. After treatment, cells were incubated with 5 mg/mL of tetrazolium salt (MTT) (Sigma-Aldrich) diluted in RPMI 1640 with 2% FBS.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Combined Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and CC Chemokine Ligand 2 on Angiogenic Events in Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121249

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) tEnd.1 cells treated with IGF-1 (100 ng/mL), CCL2 (10 ng/mL), or a combination of both for 24 h on BSA or FN coating were stained with Alexa 488-phalloidin and analyzed by confocal microscopy with a 63× objective. ( B ) tEnd.1 cells were allowed to adhere on BSA- or FN-coated surfaces for 1 h after stimulation with IGF-1, CCL2, or IGF-1/CCL2 for 24 h. ( C ) tEnd.1 cells were allowed to migrate through transwell chambers coated with BSA or FN after chemotactic stimulation with IGF-1, CCL2, or IGF-1/CCL2 for 6 h. Photomicrographs demonstrate cells invading through the transwell membrane. Giemsa staining. Scale bar = 10 μm. ( D ) Bars represent the number of migrating cells in a transwell system. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 5/group). Results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-test. Significant values compared to control group: p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), or p < 0.0001 (***); significant values compared to control group and the IGF-1 treatment: p < 0.05 (#); and significant values compared to control group and single treatments: p < 0.01 (+).

Article Snippet: Cells were then treated with recombinant mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 (CCL2) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) at concentrations of 5, 10, 50, and 100 ng/mL for 24 h. After treatment, cells were incubated with 5 mg/mL of tetrazolium salt (MTT) (Sigma-Aldrich) diluted in RPMI 1640 with 2% FBS.

Techniques: Staining, Confocal Microscopy, Membrane, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Combined Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and CC Chemokine Ligand 2 on Angiogenic Events in Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121249

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) tEnd.1 cells were treated with IGF-1 (100 ng/mL), CCL2 (10 ng/mL), or a combination of both for 24 h and analyzed by optical microscopy. Photomicrographs show intracellular lumina in tEnd.1 cells, indicated by arrows. Giemsa staining. Scale bar = 10 μm. ( B ) tEnd.1 cells were treated with IGF-1, CCL2, or IGF-1/CCL2 for 8 days on BSA or FN coating and analyzed by optical microscopy. Photomicrographs demonstrate capillary-like structures, indicated by asterisks. Giemsa staining. Scale bar = 10 μm. ( C ) Number of capillary-like structures. ( D ) Luminal area of capillary-like structures. Bars represent the mean ± SEM (n = 6/group). Results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-test. Significant compared with control, p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), or p < 0.001 (***).

Article Snippet: Cells were then treated with recombinant mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 (CCL2) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) at concentrations of 5, 10, 50, and 100 ng/mL for 24 h. After treatment, cells were incubated with 5 mg/mL of tetrazolium salt (MTT) (Sigma-Aldrich) diluted in RPMI 1640 with 2% FBS.

Techniques: Microscopy, Staining, Control

Journal:

Article Title: Protection against inflammation- and autoantibody-caused fetal loss by the chemokine decoy receptor D6

doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607514104

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemokines in the LPS model of fetal loss. (A–E) Serum chemokine concentrations after LPS treatment in WT and D6−/− male mice. WT (open symbols) and D6−/− (filled symbols) mice were injected i.p. with 1.35 mg/kg LPS. At the indicated time points, circulating chemokine concentrations were measured by ELISA. Data are from seven mice for each time point. (F–J) Serum chemokine concentrations. WT (open columns) and D6−/− (filled columns) mice at day 10 of pregnancy were injected i.p. with 0.4 mg/kg LPS. Circulating chemokine concentrations were measured at 8 h postinjection by ELISA. Data are from nine WT and eight D6−/− mice. (K–O) Chemokine levels in placenta. WT (open columns) and D6−/− (filled columns) mice at day 10 of pregnancy were injected i.p. with 0.4 mg/kg LPS. Chemokine concentrations (expressed as nanograms of chemokine per milligram of total proteins of the lysates) were measured at 8 h postinjection by ELISA. Data are from nine WT and eight D6−/− mice. Results are reported as mean ± SEM. (A, F, and K) CCL22. (B, G, and L) CCL2. (C, H, and M) CCL11. (D, I, and N) CCL3. (E, J, and O) CXCL2.

Article Snippet: To block inflammatory chemokines, animals were treated with a mixture of goat antibodies to the mouse CC chemokines CCL3L1 (catalog no. AB450NA), CCL4 (catalog no. AB451NA), CCL2 (catalog no. AB479NA) and rat mAb anti-mouse CCL5 (catalog no. MAB478) purchased lyophilized from R&D Systems, resuspended in PBS, and mixed.

Techniques: Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Immunosuppressive macrophages determine the effect of cellular senescence on tumor progression

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adx2988

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Tumor samples from mice treated with vehicle or AP21967 at 9 weeks were homogenized, and the levels of the indicated cytokines were analyzed using a cytokine array. The log 2 FC (AP21967/vehicle) for each cytokine is presented. ENA-78, epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78; GROα, growth-regulated oncogene-alpha. ( B ) Levels of CCL2 and CXCL1 were quantified by ELISA from the same tumor homogenates as in (A). ( C ) UMAP plots showing the expression of the most up-regulated cytokines (CCL2, CCL3, and CCL7) and their receptors (CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5) in different cell populations. Relevant cell clusters are indicated. N, neutrophils; MØ, macrophages; E, endothelial cells; F, fibroblasts. ( D ) Flow cytometry analysis of myeloid cells purified from tumors obtained from SuSe mice treated with vehicle or AP21967. We identified TAMs and cells positive for the myeloid marker CD11B and for the macrophage marker F4/80. ( E ) The same cells as in (D) were cultured for 24 hours—in the presence of vehicle or anti-CCL2—and the presence of CCL2 in the conditioned medium was determined by ELISA. ( F ) Schematic representation of the specificities of receptors for CCL2, CCL3, and CCL7. ( G ) Flow cytometry analysis of CCR2 in the same cells as in (D). FSH-H, forward scatter height.

Article Snippet: For selective CCL2 blocking, 4-week-old PyMT/SuSe mice were treated every 3 days with anti-CCL2 antibody (#BE0185, BioXCell,) at a concentration of 2 μg/g of body weight.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Purification, Marker, Cell Culture

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Effects of Periostracum Cicadae on Cytokines and Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins in an IgA Nephropathy Rat Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms19061599

Figure Lengend Snippet: TLR4, MCP-1, IgA, and caspase-3 expression in rat kidney tissues. ( a ) TLR4, IgA, MCP-1, and caspase-3 expression levels were analyzed by Western blotting. ( b ) Quantitative analysis of TLR4, IgA, MCP-1, and caspase-3 protein levels. A: Healthy, normal controls; B: IgAN model group; C: prednisone acetate group; D: tripterygium glycoside tablet group; E–G: treatment group that received 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg periostracum cicadae. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation (** p < 0.01 vs model group).

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-TLR4 polyclonal antibody (Boster Biological Technology, Pleasanton, CA, USA), rabbit anti-IgA polyclonal antibody (Boster Biological Technology), rabbit anti-MCP-1 polyclonal antibody (Boster Biological Technology), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (Boster Biological Technology) were used in the detection of the corresponding target proteins.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation